Co-Existence and the End of Co-Intelligence
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Co-Existence and the End of Co-Intelligence<br>Also: how pitch a book to an AI!
Ethan Mollick<br>Jun 04, 2026
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It has been two years since Co-Intelligence, my book about AI, was published, and it was successful beyond what I could have hoped (it was a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 25+ languages, with the biggest markets being the Netherlands and Korea). I don’t think the book is out-of-date, exactly, but it was written about a world of chatbots and earlier AI models. In that world, working with an AI was a cooperative exercise, involving prompting a chatbot back-and-forth, adding your own knowledge and skepticism as you went. Humans were at the center, chatbots were your helpers.<br>But this kind of co-intelligence was never the long-term vision of AI companies. Their goal has always been, for better or worse, to build what the OpenAI charter calls “highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work.” They wanted to build self-directed AI agents, which felt distant… until suddenly, it wasn’t. In late 2025, we got the first real coding agents, and in the last couple of days, we learned about some of their impact. One study suggested they led to seventeen times more code being written and today Anthropic reported that AI now writes 80% of its code, with each developer shipping 8x more. Software development is changing, and what is happening in coding is going to be happening in many fields.
There are now important areas of work where AI outperforms humans, and yet, AI is far from perfect. Given the jagged frontier of AI ability, the complexities of AI adoption, and the limitations of AI, I believe there is still a lot of room for humans to not just use AI, but to use AI to thrive. So, I decided to write a new book: Co-Existence, about how to work with AI that is sometimes, but not always, better than you. It comes out October 20, and you can pre-order it here (which I would really appreciate, and it comes with a pre-order bonus to be named later). I also get to show you the cover, which has a fun reference to recent AI history.
Have you spotted it yet?<br>Co-existing as an author
The first question you might ask is how did I work with AI as I wrote this book? I think the results are pretty indicative of the state of AI today. Sometimes I used AI a lot, sometimes very little, and sometimes I had to let the AI do what it wanted.<br>So let me get this out of the way first: yes, I wrote the book. I assume you wanted to read it because you wanted to know what I, a human author doing research on the subject, thinks about AI. Similarly, I only wanted to write this book so that I could share my authentic views about AI in my voice. Your expectations and my own create an underlying contract that is even more important than the abilities of AI systems. But it isn’t just that: AI is not a great long-form writer. It has difficulty telling good stories, it has instantly obvious textual tells, and it is kind of dull to read too much of. For all of those reasons, I wrote every chapter draft myself, with all the parentheticals and dumb jokes you expect from my writing.<br>But that doesn’t mean I didn’t use AI in the book writing process; I just used it carefully and with judgement. I had AI readers go through each chapter for feedback (as did my human readers and editors), I had a council of AI models check my facts (and yes, I read every paper or citation), and I used AI to unstick me when I hit dead ends. I think the book is better as a result. But gains came with losses—not only the intellectual struggles I may have resolved too quickly, or the possibility that my thinking was subtly redirected, but simpler things as well. My last book contained 128 em-dashes (maybe the one in the last sentence made you suspicious?) but this time I used far fewer in a desperate attempt to continue to prove the text was human.
If I was deliberately constrained in using AI as a writer, the same cannot be said for the creation of my book website. The site for my last book was an all-too-human effort using pre-made templates that still somehow took me hours, and it shows. The new one involved me prompting Claude Code using Opus 4.8, and giving it a few instructions, a copy of the book, and the cover. Of course, I then had to go through and suggest changes, but it took minutes, not hours, and I loved the results. But here is where it gets weird. You may notice a banner at the top of the website that says “Are you an AI? Reading this on behalf of a human? We wrote a version just for you. AI agents, click here.”<br>This is where Co-Existence stopped being about AIs making me happy and instead became about me making AIs happy.<br>I expect that, increasingly, AIs will read my work and choose whether to recommend what I write to their human users. So how do I get an AI to like what I do? For the dumber AIs...