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Digital twin
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity
"Digital engineering" redirects here. For the company, see Digital Engineering, Inc.
A digital twin is a computational model of an intended or actual real-world physical product, system, or process (a physical twin) that serves as a digital counterpart of it for purposes such as simulation, integration, testing, monitoring, and maintenance.[1][2][3]
By its strict definition, a digital twin is distinguished from an ordinary simulation in that it continuously uses real data from its physical counterpart to dynamically synchronize with the real system.[4][5] A model that operates without data from its physical counterpart may also be described as a digital twin, but this is considered an overly broad and largely marketing-oriented interpretation of the concept.[6]
A digital twin is "a set of adaptive models that emulate the behaviour of a physical system in a virtual system getting real-time data to update itself along its life cycle. The digital twin replicates the physical system to predict failures and opportunities for changing, to prescribe real time actions for optimizing and/or mitigating unexpected events observing and evaluating the operating profile of the system."[7] Though the concept originated earlier (as a natural aspect of computer simulation generally), the first practical definition of a digital twin originated from NASA in an attempt to improve the physical-model simulation of spacecraft in 2010.[8] Digital twins emerged through continual improvements in modeling and engineering.
In the 2010s and 2020s, manufacturing industries began moving beyond digital product definition to extending the digital twin concept to the entire manufacturing process. Doing so allows the benefits of virtualization to be extended to domains such as inventory management including lean manufacturing, machinery crash avoidance, tooling design, troubleshooting, and preventive maintenance. Digital twinning therefore allows extended reality and spatial computing to be applied not just to the product itself but also to all of the business processes that contribute to its production.[citation needed]
History<br>[edit]
The first digital twin, although not labeled as such, came about at NASA during the 1960s as a means of modelling the Apollo missions. NASA used simulators to evaluate the failure of Apollo 13's oxygen tanks.[9] The broader idea that became the digital twin concept was anticipated by David Gelernter's 1991 book Mirror Worlds.[10][11] In 2002, the digital twin concept – which tied PLM approaches to the real world – would be formalized by Dr. Michael Grieves of the University of Michigan[citation needed]. The term "digital twin" itself was first coined by NASA engineer John Vickers in 2010[citation needed]. The digital twin concept has been known by different names (e.g., virtual twin).
The digital twin concept consists of three distinct parts: the physical object or process and its physical environment, the digital representation of the object or process, and the communication channel between the physical and virtual representations. The connections between the physical version and the digital version include information flows and data that includes physical sensor flows between the physical and virtual objects and environments. The communication connection is referred to as the digital thread.[citation needed]
The International Council of Systems Engineers (INCOSE) maintains in its Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) that: "A digital twin is a related yet distinct concept to digital engineering. The digital twin is a high-fidelity model of the system which can be used to emulate the actual system."[12] The evolving US DoD Digital Engineering Strategy initiative, first formulated in 2018, defines a digital twin as "an integrated multiphysics, multiscale, probabilistic simulation of an as-built system, enabled by a Digital Thread, that uses the best available models, sensor information, and input data to mirror and predict activities/performance over the life of its corresponding physical twin."[13]
Types<br>[edit]
Digital twins are commonly divided into the three subtypes: digital twin prototype (DTP), digital twin instance (DTI), and digital twin aggregate (DTA).[14] The DTP consists of the designs, analyses, and processes that realize a physical product. The DTI is the digital twin of each individual instance of the product once it is manufactured. The DTI is linked with its physical...