[2509.24935] Scalable GANs with Transformers

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Computer Science > Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

arXiv:2509.24935 (cs)

[Submitted on 29 Sep 2025 (v1), last revised 5 Jun 2026 (this version, v3)]

Title:Scalable GANs with Transformers

Authors:Sangeek Hyun, MinKyu Lee, Jae-Pil Heo<br>View a PDF of the paper titled Scalable GANs with Transformers, by Sangeek Hyun and 2 other authors

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Abstract:Scalability has driven recent advances in generative modeling, yet its principles remain underexplored for adversarial learning. We investigate the scalability of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) through two design choices that have proven to be effective in other types of generative models: training in a compact Variational Autoencoder latent space and adopting purely transformer-based generators and discriminators. Training in latent space enables efficient computation while preserving perceptual fidelity, and this efficiency pairs naturally with plain transformers, whose performance scales with computational budget. Building on these choices, we analyze failure modes that emerge when naively scaling GANs. Specifically, we find issues as underutilization of early layers in the generator and optimization instability as the network scales. Accordingly, we provide simple and scale-friendly solutions as lightweight intermediate supervision and width-aware learning-rate adjustment. Our experiments show that GAT, a purely transformer-based and latent-space GANs, can be easily trained reliably across a wide range of capacities (S through XL). Moreover, GAT-XL/2 achieves state-of-the-art single-step, class-conditional generation performance (FID of 2.18) on ImageNet-256 in just 60 epochs, 4x fewer epochs than strong baselines. Project page: this https URL.

Comments:<br>ICML 2026

Subjects:

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

Cite as:<br>arXiv:2509.24935 [cs.CV]

(or<br>arXiv:2509.24935v3 [cs.CV] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.24935

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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history<br>From: Sangeek Hyun [view email]<br>[v1]<br>Mon, 29 Sep 2025 15:36:15 UTC (41,481 KB)

[v2]<br>Tue, 26 May 2026 03:14:03 UTC (16,766 KB)

[v3]<br>Fri, 5 Jun 2026 02:15:59 UTC (16,766 KB)

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