Scientists reverse brain aging, with a nasal spray – Texas A&M Stories

Skip to content

Texas A&M Stories

View All Stories

Share this

Health & Environment<br>Science & Tech<br>Scientists reverse brain aging, with a nasal spray<br>New therapy is turning back the clock in aging brains, healing inflammation, restoring memory and reshaping the future of brain age-related therapies.

April 14, 2026<br>By Zaid Elayyan, Texas A&M University Division of Marketing and Communications

5 min. read

New therapy is turning back the clock in aging brains, healing inflammation, restoring memory and reshaping the future of brain age-related therapies

Credit: Getty Images

Picture this: your brain is a high-performance engine. Over decades, it doesn’t just wear down, it also starts to run hot.

Tiny “fires” of inflammation smolder deep within the brain’s memory center, creating a persistent brain fog that makes it harder to think, form new memories or even adapt to new environments, all the while increasing the risk to disorders like Alzheimer’s disease.<br>Scientists call this slow burn “neuroinflammaging,” and for decades it was thought to be the inevitable price of growing older.<br>Until now.<br>A landmark study from researchers at the Texas A&M University Naresh K. Vashisht College of Medicine suggests the inflammatory tide responsible for brain aging and brain fog might actually be reversible. And the solution doesn’t involve brain surgery, but a simple nasal spray.<br>Led by Dr. Ashok Shetty, university distinguished professor and associate director of the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, along with senior research scientists Dr. Madhu Leelavathi Narayana and Dr. Maheedhar Kodali, the team developed a nasal spray that, with just two doses, dramatically reduced brain inflammation, restored the brain’s cellular power plants and significantly improved memory.<br>The most surprising part? It all happened within weeks and lasted for months.<br>The findings, published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, could reshape the future of neurodegenerative therapies and may even change how scientists think about brain aging itself.

Brain age-related diseases like dementia are a major health concern worldwide. What we’re showing is brain aging can be reversed, to help people stay mentally sharp, socially engaged and free from age-related decline.

Dr. Ashok K. Shetty<br>University Distinguished Professor<br>Texas A&M University Naresh K. Vashisht College of Medicine

Brain fog to brain focus, the future of cognitive therapy<br>The implications of this research could be nothing short of revolutionary.<br>“As we develop and scale this therapy, a simple, two-dose nasal spray could one day replace invasive, risky procedures or maybe even months of medication,” Shetty said.<br>The societal impact could be just as profound. In the United States alone, new dementia cases are projected to double over the next four decades, from about 514,000 in 2020 to about 1 million in 2060.<br>“The trend signals a pressing need for policies and innovative interventions that can minimize both the risk and severity of neurodegenerative disorders like dementia,” Shetty said.<br>The study also hints at broad applicability, working equally effectively across both genders — a rare outcome in biomedical research.<br>“It’s universal,” Shetty said. “Treatment outcomes were consistent and similar across both sexes.”<br>One day, the approach could even help stroke survivors rebuild lost brain function, or slow — even reverse — the effects of cognitive aging in humans.<br>“Our approach redefines what it means to grow old,” Shetty said. “We’re aiming for successful brain aging: keeping people engaged, alert and connected. Not just living longer, but living smarter and healthier,” Shetty said.<br>Rewiring the brain from the inside out<br>At the heart of this groundbreaking development are millions of microscopic biological parcels known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). They act like delivery vehicles, carrying powerful genetic cargo called microRNAs.<br>“MicroRNAs act like master regulators,” Narayana said. “They help modulate and regulate many gene and signaling pathways in the brain.”<br>But the delivery route is just as important as the cargo.<br>Packed into a nasal spray, the tiny EVs bypass the brain’s protective shield and travel directly into brain tissue, where they are absorbed.<br>In Shetty’s lab, researchers develop an innovative nasal spray targeting brain aging.

Credit: Texas A&M University Division of Marketing and Communications

“The mode of delivery is one of the most exciting aspects of our approach,” Kodali said. “Intranasal delivery allows us to reach, and treat, the brain directly without invasive procedures.”<br>Once absorbed into the brain’s resident immune cells, the microRNAs suppress systems, like NLRP3 inflammasome and the cGAS–STING signaling pathways, known to drive chronic inflammation in aging brains.<br>At a cellular level, the treatment recharged neuronal mitochondria, or the power plants that live...