[2607.20386] Improved Monitoring of Honey bee Colony Strength via Audio IoT Sensors, Modulation Tensorgrams and Recurrent Neural Networks

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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science > Audio and Speech Processing

arXiv:2607.20386 (eess)

[Submitted on 22 Jul 2026]

Title:Improved Monitoring of Honey bee Colony Strength via Audio IoT Sensors, Modulation Tensorgrams and Recurrent Neural Networks

Authors:Mahsa Abdollahi, Yi Zhu, Heitor R. Guimarães, Nico Coallier, Ségolène Maucourt, Pierre Giovenazzo, Tiago H. Falk<br>View a PDF of the paper titled Improved Monitoring of Honey bee Colony Strength via Audio IoT Sensors, Modulation Tensorgrams and Recurrent Neural Networks, by Mahsa Abdollahi and 6 other authors

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Abstract:Honey bees (Apis mellifera) play a crucial role in agriculture and ecosystem stability as key pollinators of crops and wild plants. As such, monitoring hive strength remotely with Internet of Things (IoT) sensors has become a crucial task. Previously, handcrafted features extracted from the modulation spectrum of audio IoT devices were shown to improve acoustic monitoring of colony strength. In this paper, we hypothesize that important discriminative information is present in the temporal dynamics of the modulation spectrum, but this information is discarded with prior methods. As such, we explore the use of a new modulation tensorgram where the time dimension is kept. This new representation is used as input to a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a convolutional recurrent deep neural networks (CRDNN). Using the public UrBAN dataset, which contains more than 3,000 hours of beehive audio recordings, we show that the proposed method improves both accuracy and cross-hive generalizability over prior benchmark methods, and the results further suggest improved robustness to noisy in-the-wild recording conditions. We use saliency maps and gradient-weighted class activation maps for explainability and show the importance of the modulation spectral temporal dynamics for the task at hand. Overall, our results suggest that accurate, generalizable, and robust acoustic monitoring of honey bee colony strength is possible.

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Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)

Cite as:<br>arXiv:2607.20386 [eess.AS]

(or<br>arXiv:2607.20386v1 [eess.AS] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.20386

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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history<br>From: Mahsa Abdollahi [view email]<br>[v1]<br>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 17:13:30 UTC (4,623 KB)

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