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Roma Holocaust Memorial Day
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Day commemorating the victims of the Romani genocide
Roma Holocaust Memorial DayMonument to the Memory of the Holocaust of the Romani in Borzęcin, Poland<br>Observed byCouncil of Europe, European Parliament, Croatia, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, UkraineSignificanceCommemoration of the victims of the Romani HolocaustDate2 AugustNext time2 August 2027 (2027-08)FrequencyAnnualRelated toHolocaust memorial days
Roma Holocaust Memorial Day (Romani: Liparipnasqo Dives e Rromenqo vaś o Samudaripen) is a memorial day that commemorates the victims of the Romani Holocaust, which resulted in the murder of an estimated 220,000–500,000 Sinti and Romani people by Nazi Germany and its allies during World War II. The date of 2 August was chosen for the memorial because on the night of 2–3 August 1944, 2,897 Roma, mostly women, children and elderly people, were killed in the Gypsy family camp (Zigeunerfamilienlager) at the Auschwitz concentration camp. Some countries have chosen to commemorate the genocide on different dates.
Establishment and commemoration<br>[edit]
In 2004 the Verkhovna Rada (parliament of Ukraine) adopted a resolution on the commemoration of the International Remembrance Day of the Holocaust of the Roma.[1]
In 2009 the Serbian Roma National Congress (Romski Nacionalni Savet) and the International Romani Union proposed the introduction of the Day of Remembrance of the Holocaust against the Roma/Porajmos.[2]
In 2011 Poland established, by parliamentary resolution, the Genocide Remembrance Day of the Roma and Sinti (Dzień Pamięci o Zagładzie Romów i Sinti). Croatia, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, and Slovakia also observe 2 August as Roma and Sinti Genocide Remembrance Day.[3][4]
The European Parliament on 15 April 2015 declared that, "a European day should be dedicated to commemorating the victims of the genocide of the Roma during World War II and that this day should be called the European Roma Holocaust Memorial Day".[5]
The Council of Europe also holds commemoration ceremonies.[6]
Alternative dates<br>[edit]
Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden commemorate the Romani Holocaust on 27 January, the International Holocaust Remembrance Day. The Czech Republic has four dates: 2 August, 7 March (the date of the first mass transport of Moravian Roma to Auschwitz), 13 May and 21 August. Latvia has three dates: 27 January, 8 April and 8 May.[4][7]
In Serbia it is commemorated on 16 December, "in the memory of that date in 1942, when Himmler ordered the systematic deportation of Roma to concentration camps and their extermination".[2]
Monuments and memorials<br>[edit]
Wreaths at the memorial to the murdered Sinti and Roma in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp on 2 August 2019
Plaque in Óbuda-Békásmegyer, Budapest, marking the Roma Holocaust; it was unveiled on 2 August 2021.
References<br>[edit]
↑ Kotljarchuk, Andrej (28 May 2015). "The Nazi Massacre of Roma in Babi Yar in Soviet and Ukrainian Historical Culture". balticworlds.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
1 2 Pisarri, Milovan (2014). The Suffering of the Roma in Serbia during the Holocaust (PDF). Belgrade: Forum for Applied History. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
↑ "OSCE/ODIHR". Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
1 2 "Roma and Sinti Holocaust" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
↑ "International Roma Day – anti-Gypsyism in Europe and EU recognition of the memorial day of the Roma genocide during WW II". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
↑ "2 August European Roma Holocaust Memorial Day". 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
↑ "Teaching about and Commemorating the Roma and Sinti Genocide: Practices within the OSCE Area" (PDF). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 4 November 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2021.
External links<br>[edit]
"The History and Significance of August 2, Roma Holocaust Memorial Day". USC Shoah Foundation. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
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