CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities | CISA

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ICS Advisory

CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities

Release Date<br>August 07, 2026

Alert Code<br>ICSA-26-219-01

Related topics:

Industrial Control System Vulnerabilities<br>Industrial Control Systems

View CSAF

Summary

ATN-B1 CPDLC relies on legacy clear text unauthenticated radio frequency links. Research demonstrates that these characteristics allow unauthorized message injection, denial-of-service conditions, and forced session resets. These vulnerabilities do not constitute an unsafe aircraft condition but can degrade operational safety margins by increasing workload, delaying safety-critical instructions, and reducing situational awareness.

The following versions of CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities are affected:

ATN-B1 CPDLC vers:all/* (CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413)

CVSS<br>Standard<br>Equipment<br>Vulnerabilities

v3 7.1<br>Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications<br>CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities<br>Missing Authentication for Critical Function, Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling, Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions

Background

Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Transportation Systems

Countries/Areas Deployed: Worldwide

Company Headquarters Location: Global

Vulnerabilities

Expand All +

CVE-2025-71409

Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.

View CVE Details

Affected Products

CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities

Standard:<br>Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications

Product Version:<br>Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/*

Product Status:<br>known_affected

Remediations

None available<br>Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413.

Mitigation<br>These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.

Mitigation<br>Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

Mitigation<br>No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity.

Relevant CWE: CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Metrics

CVSS Version<br>Base Score<br>Base Severity<br>Vector String

3.1<br>7.1<br>HIGH<br>CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L

4.0<br>7.1<br>HIGH<br>CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L

CVE-2025-71410

Unnumbered Disconnect (U DISC) and malformed Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control frames can terminate sessions and lead to a loss of CPDLC functions requiring a reversion to voice communication and increased controller workload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.

View CVE Details

Affected Products

CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities

Standard:<br>Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications

Product Version:<br>Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/*

Product Status:<br>known_affected

Remediations

None available<br>Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413.

Mitigation<br>These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.

Mitigation<br>Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

Mitigation<br>No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity.

Relevant CWE: CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

Metrics

CVSS Version<br>Base Score<br>Base Severity<br>Vector...